ABSTRACT
Objetivo Determinar la asociación entre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) y los comportamientos violentos en los escolarizados del municipio de Itagüí, 2011. Método Estudio analítico transversal con una muestra probabilística de 646 estudiantes de las instituciones educativas. Los estudiantes diligenciaron de manera individual, anónima y voluntaria un cuestionario con preguntas sobre características socio demográficas, consumo de SPA y comportamientos violentos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para estas variables. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95 % (IC95 %); se realizó un análisis multivariado para determinar asociación y estimación de riesgo. Resultados 646 estudiantes contestaron satisfactoriamente la encuesta. La mediana de la edad fue 15 años (Rq3). El 45,6 % son hombres y el 54,3 % mujeres; el 59,3 % pertenecen a estrato socioeconómico bajo, el 38,9 % medio y el 0,8 % estrato alto; el 53,4 % manifestó haber consumido alguna SPA; el 46,9 % dice consumir bebidas alcohólicas durante el último año; el 15,3 % marihuana. Todas las sustancias consumidas se asociaron y al ajustar variables, la mayoría representaron riesgo para el joven ser autor de comportamientos violentos. Conclusiones El consumo de SPA, se asocia con los comportamientos violentos del joven y representa un factor de riesgo para serlo. la heroína, la cocaína y éxtasis representan mayor riesgo que las demás SPA analizadas. Al ajustar con las demás variables, el cigarrillo, los inhalables entre otras dejaron de ser FR.(AU)
Objective To determine the association between consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) and violent behavior in middle and high school students (grades 6 to 11) in the municipality of Itagui, Colombia. Method Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 646 middle and high school students. Participants volunteered to fill out the survey independently and consent was provided. Participants' identity was kept anonymous. The survey contained questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics, PAS consumption and violent behavior. For these variables a descriptive analysis was conducted. In addition, prevalence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated. Lastly, a multivariate analysis was performed to determine association and risk factors. Results 646 students satisfactorily answered the survey. The median age was 15 years [Rq 3]. From this sample, 45.6 % (295) were male and 54.3 % (351) were female; 59.3 % (383) had a low socio-economic status, 38.9 % (251) have a medium socio-economic status, and 0.8 % (5) have a high socio-economic status. Regarding PAS consumption, 53.4% (345) of the participants reported to have consumed at least one PAS; 46.9 % (162/345) reported to have consumed alcohol within the last year; 15.3 % (53/345) reported to have consumed marihuana. All consumed substances were found to be associated with and were identified as a risk factor for violent behavior. Conclusions SPA consumption is associated with youth violent behavior and represents a risk factor to perform such behavior. Substances such as heroin, cocaine, and ecstasy, represent greater risk when compared to other analyzed PAS. When the other variables were adjusted, cigarettes and inhalants consumption, among others, were no longer a risk factor.(AU)